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The SARS-COV-2 infection-related severe illness is prevented by vaccinations. Therefore, it is relevant to report a case of post vaccine meningoencephalitis in a 30 year old male Indian patient, who presented with weakness in all the extremities, episodes of loose stool, fever, vomiting, tachypnea and loss of consciousness immediately following the 2nd dose of the COVID vaccination (COVAXIN).
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"COVID-2019,” a recently emerged novel coronavirus disease, is causing serious health issues to the public and becoming more and more fatal every next day. On December 31, 2019, low respiratory infection cases were detected in Wuhan, China, which is in China's Hubei province. The cases were reported to the WHO Office of China and they could not identify the agents for the cause. The first cases were classified to be "pneumonia of unknown etiology.” The investigation program was initiated by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The etiology of the disease was attributed to a novel virus of the coronavirus (CoV) family. Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General, called the disease caused by this CoV the "COVID-19,” which is an acronym for "coronavirus disease 2019.” It is found that "COVID-19” is caused by bête-coronavirus named "severe acute coronavirus-2” (SARS-CoV-2). It belongs to those virus families that appear as pneumonia in the human body. It affects the lower respiratory tract badly. This virus has been identified as another version of the family of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) [1, 2]. SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV possess similarity with them. They have differences in genotypic and phenotypic structure that guide their pathogenesis. So far, as per the findings, this virus originated in bats. It reached humans through contact with unknown animals. The transmission of this virus among humans is via direct contacts, inhalation of infected droplets, and contaminated hands and surfaces. Some of the symptoms of this disease are cough, sore cough, fever, fatigue, and dyspnea/breathlessness. The remedy of this disease is to diagnose the infection at the initial stage, supportive treatment to survive, self-quarantines, mass-quarantines, etc. This paper presents a systematic review of the origin of coronavirus, its types, transmissions, symptoms, and the current developments in diagnosing testing and vaccine trials. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.
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People in the post-Covid situation consider this as a challenge for personal, social, and organisational goals. The pandemic due to Covid-19 has brought in a drastic change in the attitude preferences and expectations of consumers. To meet the changes in the expectations of consumers, the businesses are forced to bring changes in marketing strategies using the business intelligence (BI) tools. This chapter explores how BI tools can capitalise this social distancing environment into opportunities for holistic growth of organisations, societies, and individuals. It explores the theoretical and pragmatic perspectives of marketing strategies in the post-Covid Era that can be developed using the BI tools. Considering the advancement due to BI, the chapter gives a workable marketing model to help business organizations attain their goals. The research methodology adopted is exploratory in nature, which identifies the need for marketing activities of corporates. The research maps available BI tools and techniques to execute marketing activities more effectively in this virtually connected business environment. The findings disclosed the successful application of BI tools for developing marketing strategies according to the changing business environment and identifying the role of BI in developing marketing strategies accordingly. © 2023 selection and editorial matter, Deepmala Singh, Anurag Singh, Amizan Omar & S.B Goyal.
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In 2020, Malaysia began to face Covid-19 pandemic that slowing down the economy from the beginning of March, and at the same time, environmental issues have been a source of pollutant. It has been perceived as the twenty-first century's greatest threat to nature and civilization and has also been one of the foremost environmental problems globally, especially in Malaysia. Environmental issues like global warming, climate change and sustainability has been impacting to the economy, infrastructure and society today. Climate change resulted from a rise in the persistence and the severity of adverse meteorological conditions such as droughts, floods, and hurricanes. Primarily carbon dioxide from automobiles, manufacturing area, construction site, power station, and logging all contribute to climate change by emitting heat-trapping pollutants. Besides, global warming has been primary environment issue in Malaysia. When gases like carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and fluorinated gases clump together, they act as a dense shield, warming the world, changing the climate, and jeopardizing human health, economics, and natural ecosystems. Meanwhile, sustainability has become an issue as the community are not very aware with the sustainability. Community required fresh air, sources of nature, and a clean environment in order to shape good healthy communities. In this research, a closed based Likert-type scale questionnaire were built to determine the community perspectives on the environmental issues as mentioned above. There were 153 respondent's data gathered and then analyzed by statistics method. IBM SPSS Statistics 25 software was used to performed a simple frequency distribution, mean and relative important index (RII) in order to obtain the highest RII, mean score and the ranking of the aspects. The importance aspect which is climate change condition has been ranked 1 with the highest RII (0.946) value and mean score (4.73). This proven that community are very particular with the climate change and in order to overcome with the issue, community are advisable to practices sustainability activities such as recycling to sustain the environment. © 2023 Author(s).
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With COVID-19 outbreak globally several studies on livelihoods and food systems are conducted in consistent manner. India being an agrarian economy, the impact of pandemic on agricultural sector and farmers needs a great focus. The present exploratory study on Livelihood security (LS) was carried out in Telangana, India among Suryapet and Rangareddy districts purposively with 160 respondents selected through multistage random sampling during 2021. Livelihood Security Index was used with 7 sub-indicators and it depicted that only one sub-indicator i.e., economic security contributing less than 50% to LS and majority of the respondents have moderate level of livelihood security (42.5%) with overall mean value of 0.628. The determinants of LS were identifi ed through Multivariate regression analysis model and found 14 predictors were fitted in model responsible for 62.8% variance in the dependent variable (LS). The regression model revealed that Family size, educational years, Livestock holding, Social Participation, annual family income, mass media exposure, and Risk orientation were most aided predictor variables in the improvement of livelihood security during COVID-19 with educational years having greater beta-value. R2 standardized linear graph was plotted against the LS and the significant predictor value demonstrating the distribution of respondents over graph according to their livelihood security with R2 linear value 0.606. Thus, during COVID-19 more livelihood options for diversification of income can aid in increase of LS. The present study concluded by suggesting policy implications to ensure livelihood security among farming communities during pandemic.
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Background: Severe viral pneumonia cases were observed in the people of Wuhan, China in December 2019. It has already affected almost every country around the globe and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. We aim to evaluate the therapeutics and safety of various off label COVID-19 drugs. Method(s): PubMed, Research Gate, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Centre for Disease control and prevention (CDC) portal, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and prevention (CCDC) portal, World Health Organization (WHO) portal were searched for obtaining reliable data. Result(s): COVID-19 is creating a storm of deaths and active cases globally, which is forcing the pharmaceutical companies and scientists to work day and night to find an effective and safer anti-COVID-19 medication. Various in vitro and clinical trials had been performed as well as are currently ongoing to analyze the mechanisms and therapeutics of off label medications like Chloroquine, Hydroxychloro-quine, Amodiaquine, Azithromycin, Remdesivir, Favipiravir, Ritonavir/Lopinavir, Umifenovir, Osel-tamivir, Ribavirin, Nafamostat, Camostat, Tocilizumab, Ivermectin, Nitazoxanide, Famotidine, Vitamin D, Corticosteroids and Dexamethasone. In vitro studies were performed by utilizing Vero E6 cells and hSLAM cells while open/closed, randomized/non-randomized, single-centered/multi-centered and retrospective clinical trials and case studies were organized to determine their safety and efficacy. Conclusion(s): Although these drugs have shown promising results against COVID-19 patients, it cannot be concluded that these drugs are truly safe and effective because there are no conclusive evidence to support the facts since only limited researches and studies had been investigated.Copyright © 2021 Bentham Science Publishers.
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Background: In December 2019, a large number of patients with a novel coronavirus were identified in Wuhan, China. The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is highly contagious and in-creasing the rate of mortality day by day. The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 as a worldwide pandemic on March 11, 2020. Early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 can restrict the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective(s): We aim to study the currently available diagnostic methods for COVID-19. Method(s): World Health Organisation portal, Centre for Disease Control and Prevention portal, Indian Council of Medical Research portal, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention por-tal, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Research Gate, etc. were searched for obtaining data. Result(s): Rapid diagnosis and prompt treatment can reduce the number of prospective cases. The diagnostic strategy encompasses the screening of the virus with nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) such as real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays. Sero-logical testing is a diagnostic procedure used for identifying the presence of immune responses. Radiological findings in individuals with COVID-19 are characterised by multiple areas of consolida-tion in the chest. Rapid antigen tests are in-vitro diagnostics that have been designed to give results within 10-20 min. Conclusion(s): Rapid, simple, and safe diagnosis of COVID-19 has a great impact on deciding clinical and epidemiological factors. RT-PCR results often require 5 to 6 hours. Diagnosis by serologi-cal testing is not suitable but important epidemiologically. At present, the best radiological strategy remains undefined. Rapid antigen tests have limitations on sensitivity.Copyright © 2021 Bentham Science Publishers.
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As the outbreak of COVID-19 resulted in a wave of trade restrictions, it is worthwhile to study its impact on India and its trading partners. Accordingly, the study aims to examine the effect of the announcement of COVID-19 pandemic on the stock market returns of selected economies that are India's largest trading partners. By employing event study methodology the study finds that the stock markets displayed an immediate negative response to the announcement. Soon after, when the markets began to recover it was observed that within a month, the majority of the markets adjusted to the announcement and began to converge with normal returns. The results also revealed that different markets recovered at varying speeds contingent on the number of COVID cases. The study contributes to the existing literature on the response of stock markets to the outbreak of pandemic and disastrous events, besides the literature on market efficiency. Copyright © 2022 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.
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Objective: The study explored the impacts of restrictions on the perceived psychological distress and health outcomes in children by their mothers who acted as their full-time caregivers during the pan-India lockdown after the outbreak of COVID-19. Method: A narrative qualitative research design was used and a purposive heterogeneous sample of 20 mothers of children aged 9–11 years were chosen, who were in a full-time caregiving role. Data obtained through a telephonic semi-structured interview were analysed using Narrative Thematic Method. Results: Four themes were generated: aberrant social responsivity and loneliness, decreased interest in regular activities, psychological distress and defiant emotional responses, and negative health outcomes. Anxiety, irritation, quarrelsome behaviours, anger, frustration, feeling low, reduced interest in games, boredom, etc. were reported in children. Decreased appetite, sleep disturbances, complaints of indigestion and multiple complaints of body aches were major negative health outcomes. Conclusions: Mothers described a variety of psychological distress and health outcomes for children due to the extreme restrictions, uncertainty, apprehension, reduced positive engagement and lowered social connection after the outbreak of the pandemic. Family-, media-, school- and community-based real or virtual intervention programmes are recommended to minimize the negative impacts and to guard children against the ill-consequences of restrictions of current and future pandemics. © 2021 Australian Psychological Society.
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The rapid transmission of contagious viruses responsible for global pandemic and various extraordinary risk to precious human life including death. For instance, the current ongoing worldwide COVID-19 pandemic caused by novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a communicable disease which is transmitted via touching the contaminated surfaces and then nosocomial route. In absence of effective vaccines and therapies, antiviral coatings are essential in order to prevent or slowdown rapid transmission of viruses. In this prospective, sustainable nanotechnology and material engineering have provided substantial contribution in development of engineered nanomaterial based antiviral coated surfaces to the humanity. In the recent past, nanomaterials based on silver (Ag), titanium oxide (TiO2), copper sulfide (CuS) and copper oxide (CuO) have been modified in the form of engineered nanomaterials with effective antiviral efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. In this review, various recent fundamental aspects for fabrication of metallic nanoparticles (Ag, Ti, Cu etc.) based coated surfaces on various substrates and their antiviral efficacy to inhibit viral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 are discussed along with their respective conceptual mechanisms. The antiviral mechanism based on chemistry of engineered nanomaterials is the key outcome of this review that would be useful for future research in designing and development of more advance antiviral materials and coated surfaces in order to control of future epidemics. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
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Each zone could be very well investigated and ability packages, social and financial affects, and limitations to mass rehabilitation are discussed in greater detail. It describes in element the demanding situations and opportunities for IoE framework solutions inside the post-COVID-19 generation. The COVID-19 epidemic has furnished a far-wanted check of IoE-stimulated frameworks and answers. IoE solutions together with a ways flung fitness monitoring and phone tracking have supplied the guide of authorities to successfully manage to unfold the corona contamination. The principle contribution of this compare paper is the in-intensity analysis and segmentation of vicinity-unique IoE technology, which have the potential to be remarkable applications inside the new present day. So far, privacy worries and the protection of IoE applications are thoroughly analyzed with rising standards, and the code for multitasking practices is likewise being mentioned. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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In recent years, smart healthcare systems have gained popularity due to the ease of sharing e-patient records over the open network. The issue of maintaining the security of these records has attracted many researchers. Thus, robust and dual watermarking based on redundant discrete wavelet transform (RDWT), Hessenberg Decomposition (HD), and randomized singular value decomposition (RSVD) are put forward for CT scan images of COVID-19 patients. To ensure a high level of authentication, multiple watermarks in form of Electronic Patient Record (EPR) text and medical image are embedded in the cover. The EPR is encoded via turbo code to reduce /eliminate the channel noise if any. Further, both imperceptibility and robustness are achieved by a fuzzy inference system, and the marked image is encrypted using a lightweight encryption technique. Moreover, the extracted watermark is denoised using the concept of deep neural network (DNN) to improve its robustness. Experiment results and performance analyses verify the proposed dual watermarking scheme. © 2004-2012 IEEE.
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Purpose: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) was closed temporarily. During this historical lockdown, the face-to-face mode classroom was temporarily got replaced by a virtual classroom. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of nationwide lockdown on the benefits of the virtual classroom for the teaching-learning process for teachers and students due to change in the teaching-learning process in higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design: A total of 893 responses have been used for this study. We have collected data through a structured questionnaire on a Likert scale from 305 teachers and 588 students of Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) from all India levels. Descriptive and frequency statistics, t-test was used in SPSS software to analyze the data collected through the primary source. Findings: The mean difference between expected benefits from the virtual classroom and actual benefits from the classroom is positive for students as well as faculty members. That indicates the overall mean of expected benefits is higher than the overall mean of actual benefits, and that difference value is 0.250055, with a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.036 which is less than 0.05 for teachers and 0.3872827, with a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000 which is less than 0.05 for students. That indicates the significant difference between means of actual benefits and expected. The mean value of the expected benefit is higher than the mean value of actual benefits for 11 pairs and 08 pairs in the case of teachers and students respectively. Discussion: Technical barriers are the reasons for not being able to attend the expected benefits from virtual classrooms in full capacity by students as well as by faculty members. Poor digital skills of teachers and students, lack of electricity facilities, less availability and accessibility of internet, connection issues, inadequate facilities, training, funding, and unacceptability of technology, etc. were the barriers to online education at the time of closure of colleges due to COVID-19 pandemic Onyema et al. (2020). Students can also have a casual attitude, less attendance, feeling of isolation and less interaction can lead to mental distress, spending more time in front of a computer could be hazardous for health too Surkhali and Garbuja (2020). Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) faculty members, as well as students, were not able to perceive actual benefits in full in comparison to expected benefits due to the presence of challenges in the virtual classroom as moderators. The higher education authorities, colleges/institutes/universities need to fix the above issues to enhance the quality of the teaching-learning process. The higher education authorities, institutes/colleges/universities must work together to resolve the issues and challenges of virtual classrooms to improve their effectiveness of the virtual classroom. Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) may provide technical support, and training to the faculty members as well as students for a better experience in the virtual classroom. Students who are lacking technical infrastructures such as computers/laptops and internet connectivity may be provided by Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) with financial and technical support to these students. © University of Deusto.
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BACKGROUND: Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucor mycosis (ROCM) is a relatively rare opportunistic infection caused by the Mucorales species. While ROCM suggests involvement of the paranasal sinuses, orbit and brain ROM (rhino-orbital-Mucormycosis) stands for the fungal invasion in sinuses and orbit sans cerebral involvement. In India with the outbreak of the second COVID wave and the delta variant of the virus, there has been a steep increase in this opportunistic fulminant fungal infection, named COVID-associated Mucor mycosis (CAM). The most critical question in orbital management is when to go ahead with an exenteration. Our study aims to design a pertinent minimal invasive surgical protocol for surgeons to manage such cases based on our surgical experience and mitigate the need for exenteration and save the eyes wherever possible. METHODS: The study is a retrospective analysis of patients of ROM with and without brain involvement, who underwent minimal surgical management between March 2021 to March 2022 along with their follow-up. RESULTS: There were 184 eyes of 148 patients diagnosed with CAM. The mean age was 51.7 years with a male predominance of 103 (70%). All patients developed ROM following the COVID-19 infection and the duration between diagnosis of COVID-19 and ROM was 36 ± 23 days. 18 cases (12%) were bilateral. 76 eyes (41%) had no vision at the presentation. Imaging revealed paranasal sinus involvement (100%), orbital apex involvement (61%), cavernous sinus involvement (53%), and central nervous system (CNS) involvement (47%). All the patients (100%) were treated with systemic Liposomal amphotericin-B and sinus debridement. Endoscopic debridement of the orbital disease was performed in 45 (30.4%) cases, 15(8.1%) eyes underwent exenteration and were later rehabilitated with a customized ocular prosthesis, 103 (56%) eyes underwent transcutaneous retrobulbar amphotericin-B. At a mean follow-up of 13.1 months; the complete resolution was seen in 25 (17%) cases, the residual stable lesion was seen in 77(52%) of the cases and new lesions were developed in 13(9%) of the cases. Mortality was seen in 33 (22%) patients and all of them had CNS involvement. CONCLUSIONS: Systemic and protocol-based management can save the life and salvage the eyes.
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Background: Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) are deemed to be at a high risk of severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Herein, we describe the clinical, laboratory profiles, management, and outcomes of 26 KTRs who developed COVID-19 during the first and second waves of the pandemic from a tertiary care center in northern India. Methods: This retrospective observational study included KTRs detected with COVID-19 infection during the first wave (March-November 2020) and the second wave (March-July 2021). Their clinical and laboratory investigations, management aspects, and outcomes were compared, using data retrieved from clinical and telenephrology records, and the hospital information system. Results: Of the 23 KTRs, 20 were male (86%), 20 patients had fever (86%), and cough and breathlessness were seen in 19 (82%) and 12 (52%), respectively. Acute graft dysfunction was seen in 6 (26%) patients, and the need for renal replacement was seen in 4 (17%) patients. Supplemental oxygen by reservoir mask was utilized in 10 (43%) patients, high-flow nasal cannula in 3 (13%), noninvasive mechanical ventilation in 4 (17%), and invasive mechanical ventilation in 6 (26%) patients. All the KTRs with moderate and severe COVID illness and 6/7 nonsurvivors were infected during the second wave. Overall mortality in this group of patients was very high at 27%, and the mortality in the group on mechanical ventilation was 100%. Conclusions: The second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with greater severity of illness and high mortality in KTRs.
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Makespan and cost are the major factors in the current scenario and they generally upgrade the results to optimize the upcoming task processing by implementing the scheduling within the specified cloud platform. A new proposed agenda is being considered for a health care system to make the world healthier. The paper is designed to identify prior work as a health evaluator for the end user and act accordingly. It also satisfies the end user by providing demanded results and can establish trust between the system and the customer within a global era. By analyzing the COVID-pandemic situation in the digital world, things should be implemented in conjunction with healthcare and technology to serve things better. The proposed algorithm works on priority basis by analyzing the current patient condition and then implemented in CloudSim Toolkit. As per the results, the proposed steps are performing 50-70% better in terms of makespan and cost. Notable optimization has been accomplished by the proposed healthcare evaluator. © 2023 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.
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The recent emergence of the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) of SARS-CoV-2 has added alarm to the eternal flame of the global COVID-19 pandemic. Omicron was first identified in Botswana in November 2021. The omicron is thought to be at least three times more infectious than the previous variants. Omicron can cause diseases varying from asymptomatic, mild, and severe infection and people have died from omicron in a second pandemic wave that occurred in March-May 2021. This variant has been detected in more than 77 countries worldwide as per WHO until January 2022. The spike protein is the target of most COVID-19 vaccines and is what the virus uses to unlock access to our body's immune cells, many of which (69-70del (deletion), T95I, G142D/143-145del, K417N, N679K, T478K, N501Y, N655Y, and P681H) overlap with Alpha, Beta, Gamma, or Delta variants. Some spike protein mutations include A67V, DELTA69-70, T95I, G142D/DELTA143-145, DELTA211/L212I, ins214EPE G339D, S371L, S373P, S375F, etc. Remarkable mutations in the furin cleavage site may increase transmissibility and replication as in Alpha (P681H) and Gamma (H655Y, N679K) and affect the binding affinity of ACE-2 receptor. Though, after many ongoing mutations and adaptation, omicron can efficiently breach the host immunity, leading to prolonged, severe infection, causing more mortality and rapid spread. There is still substantial uncertainty based on ongoing genomic changes, the effectiveness of current and upcoming vaccines, and treatment against omicron. Thus omicron has forced on the world a chance to explore the intricacies of the complex immunological mechanism. Copyright © 2022 are reserved by International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. This Journal licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is one of the worst human health problems faced by humanity in recent centuries. An end to this health crisis relies on our ability to monitor viral transmission dynamics to check spread, develop therapeutics and preventatives for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection and understand the pathophysiology of the disease for better management of the patients. Omics technologies have played a crucial part in understanding the different aspects of COVID-19 disease. While whole-genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 isolates from across the globe has aided in the development of molecular diagnostic assays and informed about the viral evolution, knowledge of structure and function of viral proteome fueled the development of small molecule and biologicals therapeutics as well as vaccines. Concurrently, metabolomic profiling of samples from COVID-19 patients experiencing a varying level of disease severity has provided a snapshot of the pathophysiology of the disease helping device effective treatment regimen. This chapter deals with genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic profiling of SRAS-CoV-2. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Introduction: For curbing Covid-19 disease, adequate knowledge, attitude, and practices of both rural and urban population for Covid-19 disease prevention is required along with busting of the associated myths. Objectives: To assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of urban and rural residents of Lucknow district regarding covid-19 preventive behaviour and associated myths. Methodology: A community-based study was conducted among 420 rural and 421 urban residents of Lucknow. Multistage random sampling was done to select the study subjects. A pre-designed pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the information regarding the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of the residents for covid-19 disease causes, prevention, and treatment. Further, KAP scoring was done to compare the two groups. Results: The mean age of the rural and urban residents was 31.48 ± 12.05 and 30.93 ± 11.96 years respectively. Only 40.4 % urban and 25.5 % rural people had correct knowledge about social distancing (p<0.0001). Knowledge regarding quarantine for covid-19 disease prevention was less among the urban residents (64.6%) as compared to rural (70.5%) (p=0.035). More than one-third (37.6%) of the rural resident believed in the myth that alcohol can prevent the covid-19 disease (p=0.003). 68.8 and 70.5 percent rural and urban residents had positive attitude towards the Indian government’ efforts in curbing the disease. Majority of the urban (90%) and rural (87.6%) residents wore mask when they went out. Only one-fourth of the urban (24.7%) and rural (22.9%) had correct practices for the duration of hand washing. Conclusion: The knowledge was more among the urban people, attitude and practices were almost similar among both the rural and urban residents while myths were more observed among the rural residents. © 2022, Indian Association of Preventive and Social Medicine. All rights reserved.
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Each zone could be very well investigated and ability packages, social and financial affects, and limitations to mass rehabilitation are discussed in greater detail. It describes in element the demanding situations and opportunities for IoE framework solutions inside the post-COVID-19 generation. The COVID-19 epidemic has furnished a far-wanted check of IoE-stimulated frameworks and answers. IoE solutions together with a ways flung fitness monitoring and phone tracking have supplied the guide of authorities to successfully manage to unfold the corona contamination. The principle contribution of this compare paper is the in-intensity analysis and segmentation of vicinity-unique IoE technology, which have the potential to be remarkable applications inside the new present day. So far, privacy worries and the protection of IoE applications are thoroughly analyzed with rising standards, and the code for multitasking practices is likewise being mentioned. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.